Generalists Social Work and Rape Survivors

Generalists Social Work and Rape Survivors Introduction Generalist social work practice is one of the conceptual framework developed to guide social workers on social delivery. This approach was developed following the Milford conferences in 1990s. By definition, generalist social work entails a way of viewing practice. It focus on the association between system, on a client-centered and use of appropriate theories and approaches meant to improve people’s well being (Council on Social Work Education 2008). It is always expected that the social work should entail multifaceted approach and that any social worker employing generalist perspective must be ready to engage in direct and indirect intervention based on multilevel assessment (Council on Social Work Education 2008). The generalist social work is also expected to be client-centered and problem-focused in process of helping the client advance social functioning. It should be based on research. As it shall turn out, generalist social worker must be able to skillfully select and apply multifaceted intervention modes and should carry out multilevel assessments and intervene at one or more levels depending on client situation. A generalist social worker should be well-versed with the individual, group, family, community and institutional intervention methods. Generalists social worker should be competent in different treatment skills (Council on Social Work Education 2008). He or she should be able to intervene with complex activities than only referral and should engage in the full spectrum of direct services. He should be even competent in policy and program development, organizational and community development. The generalists social worker should work based on evidence based research rather than traditional chores, which comprises only of referral Generalists social work should help different groups in the society experiencing social problems or needs. Rape victims are example of individuals who need the assistance of the generalist social worker. Victims of violent crimes are most vulnerable to many conditions and should be assisted accordingly (Council on Social Work Education 2008). Social workers are expected to identify these victims and take necessary and appropriate measures to assist them recover from trauma. Before exploring the generalists social work practice with victims if violent crime, this paper will first elaborate who the victims of violent crimes and why they deserve special attention from generalist social worker. Rapeis a form of forced sexual intercourse whereby the resistance of the female is prevented by threats of great and immediate bodily harm such as use of knife or gun. It is very common crime. The choice of this group of victims is prompted by the fact that rape is one of the most serious assault and is characterized by stigmatization (Council on Social Work Education 2008). In fact the victims of rape may decide not to seek any medical assistance because of the stigma. In addition, rape is not only associated with physical injuries but also with the psychological torture and trauma. Fortunately, rape victims may seek help from multiple formal social systems, which include the legal, medical, and mental health system including the rape crisis centers (Council on Social Work Education 2008). This means that the victims of rape deserve special assistance from social workers. Rape also takes place mainly when there is political instabilities. For example, Ghitis (2010) reveals that in any battle ground, rape must take place. He adds that possibly millions of women who have suffered rape during wars are now telling their stories and taking action with the help of legal specialists and womens rights groups. History also justifies that sexual assault inevitably accompanies armed conflict and war. In fact some researchers has used rape to mean a weapon of war and as a phenomenon with important tactical and strategic dimensions (Council on Social Work Education 2008). For example, rape during Bosnian War was used to change the ethnic make-up of the conquered territory. Similarly, rape during Rwandan genocide was strategically done to clear Tutsi population. In Rwanda, for example, the number of rape victims is estimated to be about 500,000. The incidence and frequency of rape is also significantly high. The study by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reveals that a rape case occurs in every ten minutes but is underreported. The analysis also shows that 1 in every 15 women will be raped sometime during her life if the current trend continues. It is also important to note that most of the attention is focused on the rapists. Most policies are designed to punish the rapists. Little has been done to help the rape victims. Rape being a social factor, generalist social worker is considered the most appropriate person to assist the rape victims. The next section of the paper presents the intervention that the generalist social work profession can make to address or intervene in the problem of rape. The analysis would be based on the framework proposed by the Council on Social Work Education, which places emphasis on the use of evidence to inform practice and practice to inform research (Council on Social Work Education 2008). According to the CSWE, the generalists social work should take the role of a broker, an advocate, a mediator, educator, social actionist and also as a clinician (Council on Social Work Education 2008). Evidence based practice of generalists social worker in helping rape victims As indicated, the general social work practice should no longer entail the traditional roles such as referral. Firstly, the generalists should diagnose and identify the needs of the rape survivors or victims that should be addressed. There are many problems that the rape victims could wish to be solved. The first need is that most rape victims may encounter rape ordeal when they were not expecting. This means that the need to be informed about what to do and where to seek medical, mental health and social and legal services (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). The second need is that after medical treatment, the rape victim needs to go through professional counselling for emotional trauma and its consequent social disruption. They also need legal assistances in aspects such as information about rights, advocacy and representation in the criminal justice system. Rape is also associated with consequences such as unwanted pregnancy and also HIV and other venereal diseases. They need thoro ugh intervention on these matters (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). Based on these needs, it is apparent that rape victims needs a comprehensive range of services from different fields such as law, mental health, and social life. The only challenge is that most of the rape victims are in a state of extreme emotional crisis. They are not prepared to go through all these fields and may even have little knowledge on what to do altogether. Generalist social worker act as a coordinator and referee Generalist social worker is considered an integral agency who should take the responsibility for developing the program and for organizing and coordinating additional support services. Social worker should be the one to guide the victim of rape on where to seek primary care and where to seek the secondary care. It is indisputable that many services may be available in the community already. However, accessing these services may be the major obstacle. Generalist social worker, according to Council on Social Work Education (2008), should be the one addressing the obstacles barring the rape victim from accessing the appropriate services. The generalist social worker should act as a coordinator and should bridge different facilities with an aim of improving management of rape victims. For example, the hospitals may be ready to manage patients and families in crisis but may face financial limitation as an obstacle and hence may not be able to sypport all the services necessary for a compr ehensive rape-treatment program (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). However, with the intervention or help of generalist social work, the victims can get assistance from the financial programs and facilities that are meant to aid the patient in accessing necessary treatment. Generalist social work is therefore acting as a coordinator who should coordinate different programs together and also as a referral agent who should refer the victims to the relevant services. Generalist social work as a counselor Council on Social Work Education (2008) considers counselling as an integral part evidence based practice in the management of rape victims or rape survivors. The experiences that such victim go following disclosure of their problems is always unbearable. It has been shown that most of them undergo different forms of victimization. They also receive insensitive treatment, survivor blame and most of them are not offered adequate social services. All these can worsen their state of health. In fact it has been shown that most of them undergo what is called second rape or second sexual assault based on the nature of victimization they experience (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). For example, it has been shown that survivors experience with medical and criminal justice agencies closely mimic the nature and /or dynamics of actual rape experiences and can be even more re-traumatizing Collings, 2009). The generalist social work is meant to counsel the rape victims on the best way of contain ing the situation. The generalist social work should offer appropriate counselling to the rape survivors and make them understand the situation and also value the importance of social services. There generalist social work should be a source of hope to the rape survivors because they usually receive a lot of resistance not only from society but even from their mothers, in case the rape survivor is a child (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). They should help the rape survivors recover from the otherwise second rape by counselling them that their future is still bright and assuring them that there exists many social services apart from the medical services that can be utilized (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). During counselling process, the counsellor should provide the victim of rape with current data regarding the value and responsiveness of the support services. They should also help in educational process. They can, for example give seminars on the emotional trauma of rape. It is always important fo r social worker to be knowledgeable about the criminal justice system. Generalist social worker as a clinician in helping rape survivors As stated earlier, generalists social worker should have clinical competence. Rape victims or survivors normally require medical assistance. Despite the fact that there are hospitals, those working in the hospital may not have enough expertise to handle the rape victims. Many researchers have proved that healthcare providers are not trained on how to handle the case of rape victims (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). For example, instead of sympathizing and emphasizing with them, the healthcare practitioners may victimize the rape survivors. This is evidenced by the study by Collings (2009), which indicate that most of rape survivors undergo different forms of victimization in the hospitals. They also receive insensitive treatment, survivor blame and most of them are not offered adequate social services. All these can worsen their state of health. In fact it has been shown that most of them undergo what is called second rape or second sexual assault based on the nature of victimization they experience. For example, it has been shown that survivors experience with with medical and criminal justice agencies closely mimic the nature and /or dynamics of actual rape experiences and can be even more re-traumatizing. This means that generalists social worker could be the best clinician to address the medical needs of the rape survivors because generalist social worker is not only trained in clinical competence but also in how to handle the victim of rape without imposing any form of victimization or secondary rape. Generalist social work should therefore diagnose the physical injuries sustained by rape victim or survivor and administer appropriate intervention. The generalist social worker should also test whether the victim contracted the venereal and STI and administer the appropriate int ervention. Generalist social worker as a broker in helping rape victims It is indisputable that the rape victims are in need of many resources and services. However, most of them may not have information as to where to obtain such resources and services. It is therefore the role of the generalist social worker to act as a bridge and to let the rape survivors access the required services and resources. As a broker, generalists social worker should not have personal vested interests. When broking, they should be guided by a number elements. Firstly, they should recognize the victim as an individual with fear and preferences which should be solved at the end of plan or brokerage process. They should also turn the brokerage plan into reality and should take into consideration the risks and benefits of the brokerage process. Generalists’ social worker as a mediator in helping rape victims As stated earlier, rape victims undergo different forms of victimization. They also receive insensitive treatment, survivor blame and most of them are not offered adequate social services. It is also shown that survivors experience with medical and criminal justice agencies closely mimic the nature and /or dynamics of actual rape experiences and can be even more re-traumatizing (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). Because of this, most of the rape cases are underreported despite the fact that they occur in every ten minutes. The stigma and the traumatizing experiences that the rape victims go through prevent them from even seeking medical assistance. Generalists social worker is therefore expected to mediate the process and help make decisions that are meant to benefit the rape survivor. In fact in court cases, the generalist social worker should be the one representing the client. Ethical considerations It should be noted that the generalists social worker should work towards benefiting all the affected groups. He or she should promote social justice by ensuring that all members of society access the societal resources that a society offers (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). They should help the most vulnerable groups in the society. Despite the fact that they may act as brokers, they should not use this role to benefit themselves. They should expand institutional resources such as adequate education, political participation and should strive to promote fairness and respect. They should not cause further trauma to the rape victims (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). It is also important to note that most professionals may defy their professionalism and perceive the rape victim as the cause of problem and hence the professional and personal values conflict. In such case, the generalist social worker should try to maintain his or her professional values. References Ghitis, F. (2010). Pushing Back Against Rape as a Weapon of War. World Politics Review (Selective Content), 1. Collings, S. J. (2009). Where the streets have no names: factors associated with the provision of counselling and social work services for child rape survivors in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Child Adolescent Mental Health, 21(2), 139-146. Schatz, M. S., Jenkins, L. E., Sheafor, B. W. (1990). Milford Redefined: A Model of Initial and Advanced Generalist Social Work. Journal of Social Work Education, 26(3), 217-231. Council on Social Work Education. (2008). Education policy and accreditation standards. Retrieved from http://www.cswe.org/Accreditation/2008EPASDescription.aspx

The Abortion Debate :: Ethics Abortion Abortions Essays

One subject in society that is greatly debated is abortion. The debates are basically divided into 'Pro-Life' and 'Pro-Choice'. Pro-life supporters want abortion to be illegal and not performed anywhere. Pro-choice supporters want the choice to be up to the woman and no one else. There is no ethical way to decide between the two subjects and it's all based on what the person's moral values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion is the termination of an unwanted pregnancy by loss of or destruction of an egg, embryo or fetus before birth. The term of abortion is used to define the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus attains capacity for life outside the uterus. In all societies, women have for many reasons, sought to terminate pregnancies. When a woman tries to self-induce an abortion it can cause serious physical risk to a woman. Today, abortions in the early weeks of a pregnancy, by a trained practitioner and under proper conditions, can be safe medical procedure. (Americana, 1) In no society, either in the present or the past has there been a single dominant attitude toward abortions. The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed abortion as a useful means of population control. Also under Roman law, abortion primarily reflected family rule by the husband, who on the one hand could order an abortion and on the other hand could punish or divorce his wife if she ended a pregnancy without his consent. (Ameicana, 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Roman Catholic Church they consider abortion as murder only after the point at which the rational soul became instilled, usually said to be 40 days after conception. In 1930, Pope Pins XI declared even if the life of the mother is threatened by giving birth, abortion is unjustified. The only exception to the abortion prohibition that the church has considered to be morally acceptable has been the destruction of the fetus as an indirect consequence of other surgery that is deemed necessary. In the former Soviet Union abortion was legalized in 1917 after the revolution, then it was restricted in the 1930s due to population concerns, then it was legalized again in the mid 1950s. A strong and worldwide feminist movement during the 1960s heightened the pressure to legalize abortion. In the U.S. this trend culminated in a 1973 Supreme Court ruling in Roe v. Wade that made abortion legal during the early months on pregnancy. (Americana, 3)

Assess the View The Modern Family Is Child Centrded Essay

Assess the view that the modern family has become more children centred. Some sociologists argue that the modern family has become more children centred. This is mainly due to the changes in laws restricting child labour and excluding children from paid work. This is because from about the 10th to the 13th century the idea of childhood did not exist. According to Aries in the middle ages childhood as a separate age-stage was short. Children entered wider society on the same terms as adults. Even the laws we have today to protect children were not applicable, the law often made no distinction between children and adults and they faced the same punishment as adults. However Aries theory can be deemed as unreliable as he used evidence from paintings and diaries to understand childhood and family life in the past. Another reason some sociologist argue that the family has become more child centred is due to the introduction of compulsory schooling for all children in 1880. This benefited mostly the poorer children as some upper class children had already been receiving education. According to Aries some elements of the modern notion of childhood gradually began to emerge from the 13th century onwards. This is because school came to specialize in the education of children. However conflict sociologists such as Marxist argue that inequalities among children of different classes still exist even if all children go to school. The opportunities and risks they face still differ as many children remain unprotected and badly cared for. The view that the modern family has become more children centred can be explained with declining family size and lower infant mortality rates.

Placing the Blame in Macbeth Essay - 872 Words

Placing the Blame in Macbeth nbsp; The blame for the tragedy of Macbeth must be apportioned between the three witches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth himself. nbsp; The three witches play a very important role in affecting the actions of Macbeth with their ability to steer him in the direction they desire. They not only use their supernatural powers but also prey on his greed and ambition. nbsp; All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! All hail Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter! nbsp; These predictions are effective in attracting Macbeths attention because they feed off his desire for what they promise. At this point in the play he is the newly†¦show more content†¦His vivid imagination, coupled with his fear of the witches and the supernatural in general, is shown in the lines: nbsp; Macbeth I conjure you, by that which you profess (howeer you come to know it) answer me; though you untie the winds and let them fight against the churches, though the yeasty waves confound and swallow navigation up nbsp; His weakness is also shown in the way that once he starts his path he becomes consumed by the process and plunges deeper into a quagmire of murder and tyranny: nbsp; Macbeth I am in blood Stept in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go oer nbsp; Another set of beliefs held at that time was that all things were set in their correct places and this applied to people as well. The play could be hinting that Macbeth should have been able to master his own ambition and reconcile himself to his place in life. nbsp; The fact that the witches can affect Macbeth so easily shows what a weak character he has. The first predictions have such a strong influence on Macbeth that he sends his wife, Lady Macbeth, a letter asking her advice on how to respond to the witches words, showing again the weakness of his character. nbsp; The tragedy of Macbeth could simply be the tale of a hero who is destroyed by a certain weakness of character, by ambitionShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Deception In Macbeth848 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’, first performed in 1606, is a play which demonstrates the psychological and physical effects that come on those who are greedy and selfish and seek power. Macbeth, a brave Scottish general, receives a prophecy from three witches stating he is to become king. Consumed by ambition, and supported by his wife, Macbeth murders King Duncan, and takes the throne for himself. Once King, his paranoia forces him to commit more murders to hide the fact he killed King DuncanRead MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is Shakespeares shortest tragic play in which the main character, Macbeth, becomes the tragic hero. He begins as a noble lord only to finish as Devilish Macbeth. But who or what is responsible f or the tragic downfall of Macbeth? I believe Macbeths is partly responsible for the tragic events that take place, including the murder of King Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macduff and her children. However, Macbeth was influenced by the supernatural witches and by the strict pressure of his wife, LadyRead MoreLady Macbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe obvious reading of this passage would be of Lady Macbeth as domineering and manipulative in pursuit of her own goals. 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385 Week One Essay example - 758 Words

THree stages of modeling Three stages of modeling BSHS 385 CYNTHIA CUCUZZA [Type the author name] There are stages in the interviewing processes; these stages are there to help not only the interviewer, but also the interviewee. These stages are here to help human service professionals to master these skills to help each client. The three stages in the model of interview would be exploration, insight/clarification and action. Exploration is helping the client explorer their feeling, problems or issues. The elements in this stage; *Attending behavior these are the listening skills as well as out attending skills. This would include eye contact verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Giving all the attention to the client in this stage,†¦show more content†¦Remember this is time for the client to self-explore. *Interpreting identifying the clients underlying meaning and reconstructing the meaning to have the best understanding. Actions helping the client take action. The elements in this stage would include; *Information giving, giving the clients feedback. These can be instructions, feedback or an informational statement. *Structuring for exploration, clarification and actions. Helps the client to examine their issues, consider alternatives or make their own choices or decisions. *Enlisting cooperation, many times the client will resist or become reluctance, using basic interviewing skills will decrease the client discomfort and increase cooperation throughout each stage. Effective communication, putting it all together from start to finish, for each stage we are taking steps to make sure all attention is on the client. Once all information is given, it is time to tell the story on how we view it and start with the ending. I do believe there are differentials in interviewing gender, culture and religious beliefs. In many cultures it can be known to make eye contact with someone as disrespect. 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Authoritarian Regimes And Totalitarian Regimes - 1058 Words

In 20th century the global community witnessed a tremendous amount of chaos. World Wars, and ideologically driven proxy wars brought destruction, and decline to many great countries. One would think that many people have died in these wars, but it is shocking to note that four times as many people have died at the hands of their government than in these wars. Institutions like the government are created to represent the people, to serve, and benefit their welfare. A type of government that does not follow this norm are often oppressive authoritarian regimes. These regimes can range from a one-party rule where a political party or group governs, to a one-man rule. Whichever it may be, authoritarian regimes tend to use similar tactics that†¦show more content†¦In the early 20th century, Guatemala’s future looked promising. The country had undergone social-democratic reform, making it a developing democratic nation. The first two democratically held elections were won by nationalistic and reformist presidents. Progress and change is what the Guatemalans wanted as they sought to rid themselves of the poverty that plagued their country. Jacobo Arbenz succeeded Juan Jose Arevalo in 1950, and Arbenz would continue Arevalo’s socialist policies. These policies included land reforms that redistributed land to the indigenous population. The land that was redistributed was previously expropriated from foreign companies, mainly the United States’ industries such as the United Fruit Company. Under these foreign companies, the indigenous workers endured intolerable treatment. Exposure to chemicals and malnutrition lead to the deaths of many workers. With the motive to protect their interests, the U.S.’s Center for Intelligence Agency sponsored an intervention in Arbenz’s presidency. A largely committed anti-communist coup d’etat successfully overthrew the socialist government, which favored the U.S.’s interests. With the democratic government overthrown, the political instability lead to the raise of military rule in Guatemala. There would be many military officers that would assume the role of the presidency. Under the military rule, there were very unfavorable conditions for those that hadShow MoreRelatedNorth Kore Totalitarian Authoritarian Regime848 Words   |  4 PagesPrimarily, it is evident that North Korea carries a Totalitarian Authoritarian regime that has been upheld by its first president, Kim Il-sung. The official Supreme Leader of North Korea is Kim Il-sung grandson, Kim Jong-un, who took over after his father passed away in 2011. North Korea is under Democratic People’s Republic of Korea political power, which was founded in September 9, 1948. 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Companies & Securities Law - General law - Relevant Laws

Question: Advise the directors of Chaser Ltd whether they have breached their directors duties underboth the Corporations Act 2001(Cth) and general law. Also Explain Duties of Directors under Corporations Act 2001, General law, Relevant Laws, Consequences and Conclusion in above case? Answer: Main facts of the case There are four directors of Chaser ltd. The company is in the business of wine bottling. Competition has increased in this field so they are planning to go into a new business. Antony, one of the director met with his old friend during the vacation namely Wayne. He was the director of Westpool Pty Ltd. This company was in the business of producing tidal energy. Antony thought that this business was profitable and wished to expand Chaser Ltd into this business. For this he invited Wayne to explain the project to other directors. Directors were convinced and investment was approved for by them. They invested $20 million. After investment they came to know that production of tidal energy requires natural conditions which were absent in the Great Barrier Reef. The project failed. Antony was the major shareholder of Westpool Ltd Analysis and Judgements Section 180 Care and Diligence civil obligation only This is one of the duties of the director. A director is required to conduct the affairs of the business in diligent manner. He or she should conduct the business as if all the assets of the company belong to him or her. He should use the rights in the best interest of the company and should obey all the duties. The decision regarding the business venture should be taken in good faith. There should be no material interest in the any proposal offered by the directors. If there is so then it should be conveyed to all the directors before the meeting. Any negligence of such duties will held the directors liable for civil punishment under section 1317E Section 181 Good Faithcivil obligation As per this section a director should use their power and fulfil their duties in best interest and in good faith of the company. The objective for which the asset should be utilized should be in the interest of the company. In case of violation of such rights the director will be liable for civil penalty Section 190 Responsibility for actions of delegate A director can appoint a person to assist him in performing their duties. He can delegate certain tasks and the responsibility for completing such tasks to the delegate but the overall responsibility of completing the duty is on the director only but in case if the director has acted on good faith and is held innocent regarding the work delegated by him to the delegate, he can avoid penalty Present Case Here we can see that the Antony had a personal interest in Westpool Pty Ltd as he was a major shareholder of this company. He did not disclose the fact when introducing Wayne to all the directors. Further Wayne somewhere knew that that Australia is not a perfect location for tidal energy business. So it was a malicious attempt to defraud the company. In case if this fact was known to Antony than he is also liable for negligence in performing his duties. The other director should have done a feasibility analysis. They should not have relied on the theoretical facts stated by Wayne in the presentation. Wayne has a good convincing power but the directors should be practical enough. They should have investigated the matter in depth Conclusion This case has certain characteristics of the case Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG). We can conclude that Wayne has cheated the company and has fooled the directors so he is liable to repay $20 million and compensate the company for the loss suffered during the project. In case if it is found that Antony had known the fact from the beginning that the project was not feasible then even he is liable for civil penalty under section 1371E. The other three directors have not acted in a bonafide manner so even they are held responsible for negligence of their duty. Hence all the directors along with Wayne are required to compensate the company. Duties of directors Basic duties of directors (Expected by ASIC and Shareholders) Duty not to do any act that lead to insolvency: This is explained in detail later Duty to maintain and preserve books of accounts: Recoding a transaction is a statutory requirement. The director has to ensure that the company fulfills this requirement and maintain up to date books of accounts. Around 18000 directors were reported to for misconduct by ASIC It is the duty of the director to stop insolvent trading under section 588G of Corporation Act References Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, (ND), Corporation Act 2001-Sect 180, viewed on 27th January 2015available at, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s180.html Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, (ND), Corporation Act 2001-Sect 181, viewed on 27th January 2015available at, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s181.html Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, (ND), Corporation Act 2001-Sect 190, viewed on 27th January 2015available at, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s190.html Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, (ND), Corporation Act 2001-Sect 188, viewed on 27th January 2015available at, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s188.html Bartier Perry, 2011, Business Judgment Rule - Recent lessons for all Company Directors viewed on 27th January 2015available at, https://www.bartier.com.au/publications/publicationDetail.aspx?PublicationID=264