Development of Education in Kenya

1. 0 INTRODUCTION2 1. 1 Definition of terms3 1. 2 Background information4 1. 2. 1 Pre-provincial education4 1. 2. 2 Post provincial instruction in Kenya (Neocolonialism)4 1. 3 National Aims/Goals of Education in Kenya6 1. 4 Structure of education6 1. 4. 1 Early Childhood Development and Education7 1. 4. 2 Primary education8 1. 4. 3 Secondary education9 1. 4. 4 Teacher Education9 1. 4. 5 Tertiary Education10 1. 4. 6 University education11 1. 5 Administration system11 1. 5. 1 Permanent secretary11 1. 5. 2 Finance and organization Division12 1. 5. 3 Directorate of Education12 . 5. 4 Field Service Education Officers13 2. 0 CHALLENGES FACING THE FORMAL EDUCATION IN KENYA14 2. 1 Recommendations to the Challenge of Education in Kenya17 3. 0 Conclusion18 3. 1 References. 19 1. 0 INTRODUCTION The arrangement of instruction and preparing to all Kenyans is basic to the achievement of the Government’s generally improvement procedure. To start with, the drawn out target of the Government i s to give each Kenyan essential quality instruction and preparing, including 2 years of pre-essential, 8 years of essential and 4 years of optional/specialized training. Instruction additionally targets improving the capacity of Kenyans to safeguard and use nature for profitable increase and supportable employments. Second, advancement of value human asset is integral to the fulfillment of national objectives for mechanical turn of events. Third, the acknowledgment of widespread access to fundamental instruction and preparing guarantees impartial access to instruction and preparing for all kids, including impeded and powerless gatherings. Fourth, training is essential for the turn of events and insurance of law based establishments and human rights. Subsequently, this paper targets portraying the improvement of formal instruction in Kenya. It will as a matter of first importance investigate formal instruction in pre-pilgrim period. It will at that point show how various commissions have added to the advancement of formal training in post-frontier period. The paper will likewise reveal insight into the national objectives of instruction, the structure of training and account framework in each degree of training through government activities. Also, it will investigate the organization of the training framework lastly talk about the different difficulties confronting the instruction area and their proposals. 1. 1 Definition of terms Education According to Sifuna and Otiende (1992) instruction is the way toward securing beneficial collected information, abilities mentalities and qualities starting with one age then onto the next. Starting here of view along these lines, instruction is intended to show an understudy how to carry on with his life by building up his brain and outfitting him to manage reality. Formal as characterized by Webster Dictionary is â€Å"relating to or including the outward structure, structure, connections, or course of action of components as opposed to content†. It might likewise mean after or concurring with built up structure, custom or rule. Formal instruction proper training program is the way toward preparing and creating individuals in information, aptitudes, brain and character in an organized and confirmed program. The highlights of formal training incorporate Classrooms, instructors, understudies, substance and others (Sifuna and Otiende, 1992). 1. 2 Background data 1. . 1 Pre-provincial instruction Sifuna, Chege and Oanda (2006) see that verifiable records uncover that Kenyans approached training as far back as Johann Ludwing Krapf and Johannes Rebman. Formal training was acquainted fundamentally with advance evangelism however later on it become an instrument for creation of talented work for the Europeans ranches and administrative staff for provincial organization. The teachers decided the sort of instruction African needed to have †they fabricated schools, oversaw them decided the educational program and impacted training strategies. Everything began in 1846 with the congregation evangelist society (CMS) setting up a school at Rabai the Coast territory and others across Kenya, for example, Friend school Kaimosi (1903), Maseno school (1906), Jamhuri secondary school (1906), Europeans young ladies, Kenya secondary school (1908), Mangu secondary school (1925) and others. During that time instruction in Africa, Kenyan included was defined on racial lines in issues of framework structure, educational programs and assets. For instance, the Europeans framework had a pper hand asset, its educational program depended on British customs, Arabs and Asians framework came next. Africans arranged young people to deal with Europeans ranches. 1. 2. 2 Post pioneer instruction in Kenya (Neocolonialism) Sifuna and Otiende (1992) noticed that racial isolation was nullified in 1960 as the nation drew nearer to autonomy. With the fulfillment of autonomy on twelfth December, 1963;- a service of training was made. The educational system in Kenya was brought under a confined standard educational program and open assessments. Since autonomy, the Government has tended to difficulties confronting the training division through Commissions, Committees and Taskforces. The primary Commission, after freedom, thought of the Report of the Kenya Education Commission (The Ominde Report, 1964) that tried to change the instruction framework acquired from the pioneer government to make it increasingly receptive to the necessities of autonomous Kenya. The Commission proposed a training framework that would encourage national solidarity and the production of adequate human capital for national turn of events. Sessional Paper No: 10 of 1965 on African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya officially embraced the Ominde Report as a reason for post-autonomy instructive turn of events. The Report of the National Committee on Educational Objectives and Policies (The Gachathi Report, 1976), concentrated on reclassifying Kenya’s instructive strategies and goals, offering thought to national solidarity, and monetary, social and social yearnings of the individuals of Kenya. It brought about Government support for ‘Harambee’ schools and furthermore prompted foundation of the National Center for Early Childhood Education (NACECE) at the Kenya Institute of Education (KIE). The Report of the Presidential Working Party on the Second University in Kenya (The Mackay Report, 1981) prompted the expulsion of the propelled (A) level of auxiliary instruction, and the extension of other post-optional preparing organizations. Notwithstanding the foundation of Moi University, it additionally suggested the foundation of the 8:4:4 arrangement of training and the Commission for Higher Education (CHE). It enhanced the school educational plan with accentuations on pre-professional and specialized abilities (Republic of Kenya, 1981). The Report of the Presidential Working Party on Education and Manpower preparing (1988) concentrated on improving instruction financing, quality and significance. This Manpower Training for the Next Decade and Beyond (The Kamunge Report) was the point at which the Government conspire for the arrangement of instructional materials through the National Textbook Scheme was wasteful and in this manner unfavorably influenced the nature of educating and learning. From the proposals of the Working Party in 1988, the Government created Sessional Paper No 6 on Education and Training for the Next Decade and Beyond. This prompted the strategy of cost sharing between government, guardians and networks. The Commission of Inquiry into the Education System of Kenya (The Koech Report, 2000) was commanded to suggest available resources of empowering the training framework to encourage national solidarity, shared social obligation, quickened mechanical and innovative turn of events, long lasting learning, and adjustment because of evolving conditions. The Koech Report suggested Totally Integrated Quality Education and Training (TIQET). While the Government didn't embrace the Report because of the cost ramifications a few suggestions, for example, educational program defense have been received and executed. Ongoing arrangement activities have concentrated on the achievement of instruction for all (EFA) and, specifically, Universal Primary Education (UPE). The key concerns are get to, maintenance, value, quality and importance, and interior and outer efficiencies inside the training framework. The viability of the current 8-4-4 structure and arrangement of training has likewise gone under expanding investigation considering the decrease in enrolment and maintenance especially at the essential and optional school levels in the most recent decade. The Government is focused on the arrangement of value instruction and preparing as a human ideal for all Kenyans as per the Kenyan law and the worldwide shows, for example, the EFA objective, and is creating techniques for moving the nation towards the accomplishment of this objective. The execution of Free Primary Education (FPE) is basic to the fulfillment of UPE as a key achievement towards the acknowledgment of the EFA objective (htt://www. virtualcampuses. eu/list. php/Kenya). 1. National Aims/Goals of Education in Kenya Aseey and Ayot (2009:6) express that: â€Å"in Kenya the principal objective of training is to get ready and prepare the young to be upbeat and valuable residents of the general public. From this major needs emerge more points of education†. In Kenya, there are seven explicit objectives of training, in particular national solidarity, national turn of events, singular turn of events and social satisfaction, social fairness, regard and advancement of social legacy and universal cognizance. 1. Structure of training Kenya's instruction framework is a three to four level framework. In 1985 Kenya presented the current 8-4-4 framework: ? Essential instruction: 8 years: age 6-13 (free and necessary) ? Optional instruction: 4 years: age 14-18(subsidized for understudies in Day Schools and the Government gives expenses rules to every state funded school) ? Advanced education: 4 years: age 19-21 (sponsored for those chose through the Universities Joint Admission Board) 1. 4. 1 Early Childhood Development and Education The arrangement of ECDE as watched

Toni Morissons Tar Baby Essays - Jadine, Tar Baby, Ondine

Toni Morisson's Tar Baby It is regularly said that it is smarter to follow your heart rather than your brain since it will never deceive you. Notwithstanding, when you follow your heart you are not generally arranged for what the result might be. This is demonstrated in Toni Morisson's tale Tar Baby . Tar Baby is Morrison's fourth novel and it took three and a half years to compose . The story depended on an old African American people story about Brer Hare and Tar Baby. This book is said by some to be an abundance of what made Morrison's different books acceptable however regardless of the analysis the book despite everything made it to the smash hit's rundown. The story happens on a confined island of L'Arbe de la Croix. this was intentionally done by Morrison with the goal that the characters would have no real way to get away. There were no prompt police officers to call and no neighbors to meddle in the story . The characters were put in a confine and left to perceive what might occur. L' Arbe de la Croix is the summer home of Valerian Street a resigned treats creator also, his significant other Margaret Street. The house is additionally involved by a dark couple, Sydney and Odine, who have been the long time workers of the Street's. During the hour of the story the house is additionally involved by Jadine, who is Sydney's and Odine's niece. Jadine was took in by the Streets and they paid for her to go to class and become a model. Jadine descended from Paris to examine a proposition to be engaged from a Frenchman and to spend Christmas with her auntie and uncle. Jadine can be viewed as the tar child in this story. She was taken in by the Street's and opened up to the world that they lived in. She got magnificent instruction and voyaged everywhere. She had a conviction that all is good and realized that anything she required would be given to her by the avenues. The avenues get another startling visitor during Christmas. One night when Margaret is up in her room she opens her storeroom and sees a weird dark man staying there. She gets crazy and runs down the steps in a frenzy. Sydney goes upstairs and cuts down the gatecrasher everybody in the house is surprised by his appearance and prepared to call the police. Everybody with the exception of Valerian. He welcomes the interloper to plunk down for a beverage and this makes Margaret insane. She approaches her room and secures herself her room. We later find out that the interloper is a similar man that we experience in the start of the novel on the vessel. The interloper has numerous names yet requests to be called Son. Child Green. Child is the reason for a great deal of difficulty and he draws out the genuine side of the characters of this story. After supper Son is welcome to remain for the night in one of the visitor rooms. This drives Sydney crazy. He was unable to see how Valerian could be so quiet in such a circumstance however in spite of his resentment Sydney does what he is told. The following morning Son come into Jadine's room, this is their first close to home experience. Jadine is completely shocked by his looks however she is benevolent to him and they begin to talk, the discussion gets ugly. In the wake of making an offending remark about Jadine he snatches her, squeezes his body against hers, what's more, begins to smell her. This causes Jadine to feel messy. She at long last loosens up from his grip and hurries to tell Valerian. On her approach to Valerian she stops and begins to consider whether she ought to proceed to tell or not. After much idea she chooses not to, yet additionally guarantees herself that she would attempt to keep away from him to the best of her capacity. That equivalent day Valerian proposes that Son go to the fundamental island with one of the laborers to get some garments and a hair style. He returns the following day also, sees Jadine. From the start she is stunned by his appearance she was unable to accept that he was a similar person who she experienced the privies day. Her shock was not durable her recollections of the day preceding immediately returned to her. Child apologized for his conduct yet Jadine wouldn't like to hear whatever he needs to state. Child offers to

5 Things Every Blogger Should Measure with Google Analytics

5 Things Every Blogger Should Measure with Google Analytics Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Things Every Blogger Should Measure with Google AnalyticsUpdated On 15/01/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2C117br CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogRunning a blog successfully is very tough, and without the right tools and blogging strategies, you may find it hard to attract and retain the visitors to your site. Other than delivering great content, bloggers should monitor the activity on their blogs, and Google Analytics is one of the best tools for that. This piece highlights some of the things that you can measure with Google Analytics to take your blog to the next level.1. Which Campaigns are Bringing in the Most TrafficAs a blogger, you are always wondering which of your ad campaigns are bringing in the most conversions. With Google Analytics advanced segments, you can easily find this out. It allows you to know which ads you n eed to pull out and which ones you need to invest in. This feature allows you to compare the campaign against the conversion and traffic goals you had set for it. You will know if they are achieving their purpose or not. Configuration is fairly easy, and this Google Analytics course will help you understand how to go about it.2. Where Your Traffic is Coming FromAs a blogger, you want your blog to be successful worldwide, obviously. However, you have regions that embrace you much better than other regions. Google Analytics has a visitor’s menu that allows you to check the location from which most of your demographic is found. It provides you with worldwide stats including the average time they spend on your site and the bounce rate of visitors from certain areas, and this helps put your goal conversions into perspective.READ6 Simple Things Bloggers Shouldn't Avoid3. What People are Looking ForThe best way to attract visitors is to ensure that your site has information that is of i nterest to them. While keywords certainly bring significant amounts of traffic, they do very little to keep your audience interested. How do you ensure that your visitors find what they want once they are on your blog? One way is to create a search box on your site where they can key in the keywords. To ensure that everything is working smoothly, ensure that you test to see how easy it is to find those keywords. Google Analytics will tell you the most searched for keywords, and this will definitely help you with your content management.4. Page Bounce RateGoogle Analytics shows you the bounce rate of your website, and with this information, you can find ways to reduce the rate by including a call to actions and making the content better.5. Mobile Traffic BehaviorYou probably know that up to 80% of online activity is done over the phone. For website owners, this means that most of your traffic comes through the phone. Recent algorithms from Google show that better search engine ranki ngs are given to websites that are mobile friendly. You need to ensure that your site is mobile optimized. Google Analytics helps you know whether mobile phone users have a great time reading your content. Always ensure that your website allows both mobile and laptop users to have an easy time finding content.

The Implications Of Business Ethics For Human Resource...

Topic 1: What are the implications of business ethics for human resource management? Explain the potential role(s) of human resource managers in the ethical conduct of business. Provide examples where appropriate. Essay The concept of business ethics is gaining more and more attention from many different organisations. Business ethics relate to the ethical judgments of what is right and wrong in an organisation (Sparks et al. 2010, p.2). Human resource management in particular, demonstrates the implications of business ethics through the practices of its function. The manager from this area should be able to influence the behaviour of their employees by applying the concept of business ethics. This essay will discuss about the importance†¦show more content†¦Human resource management addresses concerns about strategy development, managing the talent and leading the cultural changes and some other important roles (Stone, 2014, p.12). Human resource manager should be able to have a good understanding of how to imply ethical conduct into their practices. By this, they will manage the human capital better, improving the employees’ wellbeing and therefore maximising the organisationâ€⠄¢s productivity and efficiency. It is important for the human resource management to take some approaches that regards to the issues of business ethics. The implications of ethical conducts and morality are essential to apply in the practices of this function. Some examples of these implications could be thing like building a good ethical framework in human resource management practices (Nadia et al. 2012, p.98). By doing this, there will be more ethical decisions made; managers will need to go through critical planning and activities that involves ethical practices. These will include considerations about what is best for the employees’ welfare and also for the businesses’ operation. Addressing problems about business ethics also implies that human resource management function must be aware of how crucial some legal components are (Martin et al. 2001, p.246). This helps to make sure that unethical business conducts will not occur in the organisation and the human

Essay on Reflections on Night, by Elie Weisel - 836 Words

Night, by Elie Wiesel, is an autobiographical novel which tells the story of Eliezer, a Jewish teenager from the small Transylvanian village of Sighet. He is 15 when transported to Auschwitz, Buna, and finally Buchenwald with his father during World War II. Eliezer loses his faith, argues with God, and is sustained only by the need to care for his father. As well as the appalling memory of the Holocaust resurrected in this novel, Night bears with it the unforgettable implication that this atrocity must by no means be permitted to occur again. However, what if it is possible that these horrors could be carried out again in present day? Furthermore, have we really learned enough from this tragedy to be sure nothing like the Holocaust could†¦show more content†¦Also, by choosing remote sections of the country even the people of Germany were oblivious to what was happening. Plus, many Germans were for the Nazi party and were essentially fine with using the Jewish people as a sca pegoat to rid Germany of debt left from World War I. Another thing I thought about while reading the novel was, â€Å"What would I do if I was ever forced to leave my home and move to a concentration camp?† This is terrifying thought, and I honestly don’t know what I would do. Elie’s number one priority when he was in the concentration camp was not to get separated from his father. This, I believe, saved his life by giving him something to live for even after he lost his faith. After the prisoners have had their names, humanity, and in most cases your family taken away from you it would be very hard to find a reason to endure the harsh conditions of the death camps. This is true in the story for Elie’s relative, Stein of Antwerp. Elie continuously made up stories about how his wife and kids back in Antwerp were doing to keep his hopes up. â€Å"†¦Reizel and the children are still alive. If it wasn’t for them I couldn’t keep going.â₠¬  Unfortunately, one day Stein received the real news of his family and Elie and his father never saw him again which is to be inferred that he died. One final issue that made me think during the book was â€Å"Who is really responsible for these crimes against humanity?† Most will say that Adolf Hitler is responsible for theShow MoreRelatedElie Wiesel as a Survivor of the Holocaust2000 Words   |  8 Pagespoint of view, they can see the good side of human nature, especially if someone looks at it from Elie Wiesel’s perspective. Elie Wiesel and his family were Romanian Jews who were, unfortunately, swept into the Holocaust’s horrors. Elie managed to escape the Holocaust using tools of survival, including love for family and impassivity. He did not let being a victim of the Holocaust define him, so Elie moved on to become an inspirational figure that represented and spoke out for all of those who constantlyRead MoreThe Christian View Of God1647 Words   |  7 Pagesneed to justify the pain and prejudice evident in the human world, deeming it either neutral or good. Many of those who have experienced tremendous injustices also fail to reconcile the existence of God and evil. Elie Wiesel, a holocaust survivor, writes in his autobiographical work Night that I did not deny God s existence, but I doubted His absolute justice, (Wiesel, Ch. 3). It is an abuse of power to justify the suffering of others based on an end-goal without their consent or acknowledgment

Impact Of Globalization On The Age Of Industrialization

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Managerial Finance for Norwich Tool- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theManagerial Finance for Norwich Tool. Answer: Introduction: This case study deals with a particular organisation, Norwich Tool, which is a big lathe machine shop. The organisation has been thinking of replacing a machine with one of the two available machines, which are either lathe A and lathe B. Lathe A functions automatically and it is controlled with the help of computer. Due to the presence of such advanced technology, the organisation might be able to increase its overall production (Almarri Blackwell, 2014). On the contrary, lathe B is comparatively of lower cost, since it utilises standard technology. For assessing such two alternatives, the organisation has recruited a financial analyst to develop projections of initial investments and pertinent cash inflows associated with the two lathes. Thus, the different methods of capital budgeting like net present value, payback period and internal rate of return are utilised to ascertain the overall viability of the project. With the help of these techniques, Norwich Tool could determine the overall return and profitability of the two proposed machines. Based on the evaluation of these techniques, the financial analyst has provided suggestions to Norwich Tool through the assumption that it has capital rationing or unrestricted funds. Payback Period to assess the Acceptability and Relative Ranking of each Lathe: Figure 1: Payback periods of the two proposed lathes (Source: As created by author) From the provided case, it has been detected that the maximum payback period, which Norwich Tool could accept, is 4 years. In the words of Baum Crosby (2014), payback period denotes the time, in which the initial investment of a project could be regained from the possible project cash inflows. This technique of investment appraisal is a considerable indicator of determining whether to continue ahead with the project. This is because greater the payback period, the less feasible an option is for a specific investment. According to the above table, the payback period of lathe A is 4.05 years, while the same for lathe B is obtained as 3.65 years. Since the payback period for lathe A is greater in contrast to the accepted payback period of 3.65 years and reverse in case of lathe B, lathe B is a feasible alternative for investing in the context of the organisation. Capital Budgeting Technique to Assess the Acceptability and Relative Ranking of Each Lathe: Net Present Value (NPV): Based on the table above, it is inherent that lathe A has positive NPV, which is computed as $58,133, while that for lathe B is computed as $43,483. In this context, Gtze, Northcott Schuster (2015) stated that the greater the NPV, the more feasible the investment is for the organisation, as it would help in providing greater returns on investment. In this case, the NPV of lathe A is greater, which signifies the organisation in undertaking lathe A for increasing returns on investment. Therefore, according to the NPV value, lathe A needs to be accepted. However, it has been observed that the payback period of lathe A is above the desired limit and lathe B has positive NPV as well. Therefore, lathe B should be undertaken, as it fits the criteria of the organisation. With the help of NPV, an organisation often undertakes projects, since it has greater realistic assumptions and better profitability measure (Liesen, Figge Hahn, 2013). Internal Rate of Return (IRR): According to the above table, it could be stated that lathe A has positive IRR, which is found as 15.95% and that for lathe B is found as 17.34%. In this regard, King (2013) stated that internal rate of return helps in increasing the overall return on investment; thereby, increasing the overall organisational profitability. The more the value of IRR, the more is the ability of a firm to increase the overall return on investment. Therefore, based on the values of IRR, lathe B needs to be accepted. Recommendation to the Firm about the Selection of Lathe: Unlimited Funds: If the organisation has unlimited funds, the initial priority would be provided to lathe B, since both the NPV and IRR values are positive. Moreover, the payback period is within the desired range and lathe A has positive NPV and IRR, both the lathes could be purchased. Capital Rationing: For capital rationing, the organisation needs to select lathe B, as lathe A has payback period, which is above the accepted level. Moreover, the fund limitations of the organisation states that project B should be accepted for meeting all the basic criteria. Conclusion: The above evaluation clearly states that lathe B needs to be accepted, as it meets all the primary requirements of the organisation. This is because the payback period of lathe A is above the desired limit and lathe B has positive NPV as well. Therefore, lathe B should be undertaken, as it fits the criteria of the organisation. References: Almarri, K., Blackwell, P. (2014). Improving risk sharing and investment appraisal for PPP procurement success in large green projects.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,119, 847-856. Baum, A. E., Crosby, N. (2014).Property investment appraisal. John Wiley Sons. Gtze, U., Northcott, D., Schuster, P. (2015). Selected Further Applications of Investment Appraisal Methods. InInvestment Appraisal(pp. 105-159). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. King, N. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,433,591. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Liesen, A., Figge, F., Hahn, T. (2013). Net present sustainable value: a new approach to sustainable investment appraisal.Strategic Change,22(3?4), 175-189

Atajan Atabayev. Essays (2206 words) - Economy, Structure

Atajan Atabayev. Jessica Brown. English 1 A. 11th April 2017. Unreal "Equality" "The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have little," stated 32nd President of the United States of America Franklin Delano Roosevelt during the Great Depression who helped the middle and low class American's regain faith themselves in 1930. The United States has done a significant progress to overcome income inequality to get higher education for the young generation, yet there are more actions to be taken by our generation to promote equal education system for all of us. While significant achievements for income equality have been made, many students continue to fight for their American Dreams to come true every day. It is assumed that colleges and universities in the United States are better than institutes in any other countries. In some aspects, that is true. However, income inequality has a negative impact on students who are from middle and low-income families, making it more difficult for them to have an equal opportunity compare to those who came from wealthy households. I have found a few, still occurring facts about unequal opportunity to get an education in America. Not surprisingly, while poor kids are underrepresented on elite campuses, the wealthiest kids are overrepresented. At Harvard, 45.6% of undergraduates come from families with incomes above $200,000 -- in other words, incomes in the top 3.8% of all American households. (Forbes). A new U.S. determined that 71 percent of the nation's 19.7 million college undergraduates from middle class families were working in 2011. Of that number, one in five undergrad were working at least 35 hours a week year-round.(Cbs news). The number of homeless children in public schools has doubled since before the recession, reaching a record national total of 1.36 million in the 2013-2014 school year, according to new federal data .(Washington Post). Children living in poverty have a higher number of absenteeism or leave school because they are more likely to have to work or care for family members.(Dosomething.org) Dropout rates of 16-24-years-old students who came from low income families are seven times more than those from families with higher income. Nowadays, many middle-class families cannot afford to pay their child's college tuition financially because many households already have enough debt, unsatisfactory income and no savings at all. To support their families many parents working at low-wage jobs. For that reason many students working 40 hours per week and covering college tuition themselves while attending college. When students are working full time, they cannot do their assignments on time and rest barely till next class meeting. They also may not afford to get stylish clothes that others have and have to wear same old clothes to the college every day. Due low income of their family many students cannot take a bath or wash their clothes on time, and many of them smell so bad but rich kids will judge or call them "dumb." Many low-income students don't eat on time or have not a proper nutrition which makes them dizzy, and they cannot concentrate in the classroom. In the long term, malnutrition can cause many heal th problems in their life which will take their last quarter from their pocket. As we can see poor students need to face many obstacles in their life and they treated unequally in the society. Every day they teased, rights buried on the ground, face with lack of money and lost their self-worth. For that reason, many poor students drop out college and universities after first year and poverty cycle continues in their family without given any chance to succeed in society. Many poor students getting married after dropout college and many of them employed by low-wage jobs to support their families and their children also will face struggles of their parents in their life after the birth. Poverty chain lasts forever and will continue till they are going to die unless something changes in the short term. In contrast, 1.4 million wealthy Americans or top one percent of the elite want to send their kids to the best universities to get

Review Of Lterature Essays - Literature, Fiction, Christianity

Review Of Lterature Essays - Literature, Fiction, Christianity Review Of Lterature Part I: Introduction and Chapter 1 Introduction Dostoevsky introduces Part I of Notes from Underground. He tell us that in this first portion, the protagonist will introduce himself and explain the causes that led to his appearance before us in this text. He then explains that the subseque nt extract, Apropos of the Wet Snow, will record the protagonist's own notes. Summary The Underground Man starts off by telling us that he has liver disease, but refuses to go to a doctor out of spite. He realizes that he hurts only himself by doing this, but even so he remains obstinately opposed to seeking proper medical attention. He tells us that he is now forty years old, a former civil servant, rude and bitter. He then immediately retracts his statement, saying he was actually not rude at all. He scoffs at us, the readers of his Notes, insisting that he does not care what w e think of him. The Underground Man goes on to explain why he became spiteful, saying that only fools go far in this world, and intelligent men like himself face failure inevitably. After assuring us that he is not writing for our amusement, he describes his current mis erable situation. He lives in his corner, where he has bunkered down since quitting the Civil Service upon receiving a large inheritance from a wealthy relative. He has a gruesome dim room with a maidservant he despises. The St. Petersburg weather ag gravates his health, but he does not careit makes no difference to him whether he stays or goes. Finally, he invites himself to tell us more about himself, as any decent gentlemen likes to do. Commentary The Underground Man's spiteful refusal to see a doctor resounds throughout the text. The terms nihilistic and masochistic have often been applied to the Underground Man (heretofore referred to as the UM). Nihilism is a repudiation of societal values, and masochism is the deliberate infliction of pain on oneself, usually for pleasure. The UM's hatred of society in general and his own powerlessness somehow combine to make it pleasurable for him to hurt himself , perhaps since he cannot harm soc iety as a wholehis helpless resentment of the external world leads him to attack himself, to shake up his inner world. The UM does not invariably turn against himself, however: we will also see him transfer this humiliation and shame onto others, play ing the role of humiliated and humiliate St. Petersburg is also introduced in this chapter; although it may not be mentioned that much from here on in, it is important to view the city as a central character in the text (see the section on St. Petersburg for a discussion of the setting). The UM's self-consciousness, his constant analysis and revision of his own thoughts and words, is one of the most distinctive elements of the Notes. The UM is very aware, not only of our presence as readers (he constantly addresses us), but of our presence as judges. Thus, we must question the UM's sincerity every time he insists that he is not here for our amusement, or that he doesn't give a damn. The alienation that the UM feels is central to many of Dostoevsky's most famous characters, and is not an indication of insanity so much as a failure to deal with the impossibility of life in St. Petersburg. It is telling that the UM, like many of Dostoe vsky's other characters, is a low-ranking Civil Servant. Dostoevsky says that in the nineteenth century, one must be a characterless person, with a joblike the UM'sthat erases one's individuality and identity.

Principle of Marketing relation with Business management major Essay

Principle of Marketing relation with Business management major - Essay Example Marketing deals with servicing customers who may or may not be loyal to that company’s brand. Marketing deals with two basic functions—attracting customers to a brand and then keeping them there once they are hooked. For someone is working towards a business management major, marketing is an extremely important component of their study. Although that business management major may never have anything to do with marketing once they go out into the real world and find a job, they still need to understand the basic concepts that marketing entail. This is because a business management major will likely be in control of a number of departments; marketing is one such department. For a business management major to better understand the needs of the marketing department, it would help to have some knowledge so that the manager can make an informed decision about how to allocate funds. In the same way, business management is also useful for those who are marketing majors. Because the marketing department acts as the â€Å"face† of a company, their efforts will be seen by a large number of people. This is unlike inside a workplace, where only a few people will know what really goes on. Because of this fact, it is important that the marketing efforts of a company are handled with extreme care and caution. The allocation of resources in marketing efforts is very important because they have an effect on the rest of the company. If a company gets negative press due to a controversial marketing campaign, then this will have an effect on the rest of the company. If business management is thought to be the brains behind an organization, then marketing would definitely be the hands and feet. Business management majors need to understand how important marketing is. Without it, an organization would not be able to function properly. It is up the business management to organize and formulate strategies that the

Health Care Cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Cost - Essay Example Employers can offer discount medicine programs, which trim down prescription costs. They can also offer education with reference to the emergency room so that workers can have the knowledge of the existence of urgent-care institutions within pharmacies and stores, along with physician hotlines available 24/7 that they can utilize resourcefully than visiting the ER each time their families or them experience minor symptoms (Wyman, 2012). Employers can have a proper incentive design that directs workers to choices that have the lowest-cost first to reward excellent purchasing conduct that is vital to price containment. Employers can shop for insurance because they get the chance to shift carriers one third of the moment in time. Employers can offer to pay for workers’ wellness such as online healthiness risk evaluations and blood reports since they save on some cash and teach them on their healthiness, make them conscious of apprehensions and inspire them to live better lives. Employers can utilize brokers who are experts in healthcare and has the aptitude to look for methods to support the company and workers while offering pioneering initiatives and applications for newfangled technology (Wyman,

Generalists Social Work and Rape Survivors

Generalists Social Work and Rape Survivors Introduction Generalist social work practice is one of the conceptual framework developed to guide social workers on social delivery. This approach was developed following the Milford conferences in 1990s. By definition, generalist social work entails a way of viewing practice. It focus on the association between system, on a client-centered and use of appropriate theories and approaches meant to improve people’s well being (Council on Social Work Education 2008). It is always expected that the social work should entail multifaceted approach and that any social worker employing generalist perspective must be ready to engage in direct and indirect intervention based on multilevel assessment (Council on Social Work Education 2008). The generalist social work is also expected to be client-centered and problem-focused in process of helping the client advance social functioning. It should be based on research. As it shall turn out, generalist social worker must be able to skillfully select and apply multifaceted intervention modes and should carry out multilevel assessments and intervene at one or more levels depending on client situation. A generalist social worker should be well-versed with the individual, group, family, community and institutional intervention methods. Generalists social worker should be competent in different treatment skills (Council on Social Work Education 2008). He or she should be able to intervene with complex activities than only referral and should engage in the full spectrum of direct services. He should be even competent in policy and program development, organizational and community development. The generalists social worker should work based on evidence based research rather than traditional chores, which comprises only of referral Generalists social work should help different groups in the society experiencing social problems or needs. Rape victims are example of individuals who need the assistance of the generalist social worker. Victims of violent crimes are most vulnerable to many conditions and should be assisted accordingly (Council on Social Work Education 2008). Social workers are expected to identify these victims and take necessary and appropriate measures to assist them recover from trauma. Before exploring the generalists social work practice with victims if violent crime, this paper will first elaborate who the victims of violent crimes and why they deserve special attention from generalist social worker. Rapeis a form of forced sexual intercourse whereby the resistance of the female is prevented by threats of great and immediate bodily harm such as use of knife or gun. It is very common crime. The choice of this group of victims is prompted by the fact that rape is one of the most serious assault and is characterized by stigmatization (Council on Social Work Education 2008). In fact the victims of rape may decide not to seek any medical assistance because of the stigma. In addition, rape is not only associated with physical injuries but also with the psychological torture and trauma. Fortunately, rape victims may seek help from multiple formal social systems, which include the legal, medical, and mental health system including the rape crisis centers (Council on Social Work Education 2008). This means that the victims of rape deserve special assistance from social workers. Rape also takes place mainly when there is political instabilities. For example, Ghitis (2010) reveals that in any battle ground, rape must take place. He adds that possibly millions of women who have suffered rape during wars are now telling their stories and taking action with the help of legal specialists and womens rights groups. History also justifies that sexual assault inevitably accompanies armed conflict and war. In fact some researchers has used rape to mean a weapon of war and as a phenomenon with important tactical and strategic dimensions (Council on Social Work Education 2008). For example, rape during Bosnian War was used to change the ethnic make-up of the conquered territory. Similarly, rape during Rwandan genocide was strategically done to clear Tutsi population. In Rwanda, for example, the number of rape victims is estimated to be about 500,000. The incidence and frequency of rape is also significantly high. The study by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reveals that a rape case occurs in every ten minutes but is underreported. The analysis also shows that 1 in every 15 women will be raped sometime during her life if the current trend continues. It is also important to note that most of the attention is focused on the rapists. Most policies are designed to punish the rapists. Little has been done to help the rape victims. Rape being a social factor, generalist social worker is considered the most appropriate person to assist the rape victims. The next section of the paper presents the intervention that the generalist social work profession can make to address or intervene in the problem of rape. The analysis would be based on the framework proposed by the Council on Social Work Education, which places emphasis on the use of evidence to inform practice and practice to inform research (Council on Social Work Education 2008). According to the CSWE, the generalists social work should take the role of a broker, an advocate, a mediator, educator, social actionist and also as a clinician (Council on Social Work Education 2008). Evidence based practice of generalists social worker in helping rape victims As indicated, the general social work practice should no longer entail the traditional roles such as referral. Firstly, the generalists should diagnose and identify the needs of the rape survivors or victims that should be addressed. There are many problems that the rape victims could wish to be solved. The first need is that most rape victims may encounter rape ordeal when they were not expecting. This means that the need to be informed about what to do and where to seek medical, mental health and social and legal services (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). The second need is that after medical treatment, the rape victim needs to go through professional counselling for emotional trauma and its consequent social disruption. They also need legal assistances in aspects such as information about rights, advocacy and representation in the criminal justice system. Rape is also associated with consequences such as unwanted pregnancy and also HIV and other venereal diseases. They need thoro ugh intervention on these matters (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). Based on these needs, it is apparent that rape victims needs a comprehensive range of services from different fields such as law, mental health, and social life. The only challenge is that most of the rape victims are in a state of extreme emotional crisis. They are not prepared to go through all these fields and may even have little knowledge on what to do altogether. Generalist social worker act as a coordinator and referee Generalist social worker is considered an integral agency who should take the responsibility for developing the program and for organizing and coordinating additional support services. Social worker should be the one to guide the victim of rape on where to seek primary care and where to seek the secondary care. It is indisputable that many services may be available in the community already. However, accessing these services may be the major obstacle. Generalist social worker, according to Council on Social Work Education (2008), should be the one addressing the obstacles barring the rape victim from accessing the appropriate services. The generalist social worker should act as a coordinator and should bridge different facilities with an aim of improving management of rape victims. For example, the hospitals may be ready to manage patients and families in crisis but may face financial limitation as an obstacle and hence may not be able to sypport all the services necessary for a compr ehensive rape-treatment program (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). However, with the intervention or help of generalist social work, the victims can get assistance from the financial programs and facilities that are meant to aid the patient in accessing necessary treatment. Generalist social work is therefore acting as a coordinator who should coordinate different programs together and also as a referral agent who should refer the victims to the relevant services. Generalist social work as a counselor Council on Social Work Education (2008) considers counselling as an integral part evidence based practice in the management of rape victims or rape survivors. The experiences that such victim go following disclosure of their problems is always unbearable. It has been shown that most of them undergo different forms of victimization. They also receive insensitive treatment, survivor blame and most of them are not offered adequate social services. All these can worsen their state of health. In fact it has been shown that most of them undergo what is called second rape or second sexual assault based on the nature of victimization they experience (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). For example, it has been shown that survivors experience with medical and criminal justice agencies closely mimic the nature and /or dynamics of actual rape experiences and can be even more re-traumatizing Collings, 2009). The generalist social work is meant to counsel the rape victims on the best way of contain ing the situation. The generalist social work should offer appropriate counselling to the rape survivors and make them understand the situation and also value the importance of social services. There generalist social work should be a source of hope to the rape survivors because they usually receive a lot of resistance not only from society but even from their mothers, in case the rape survivor is a child (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). They should help the rape survivors recover from the otherwise second rape by counselling them that their future is still bright and assuring them that there exists many social services apart from the medical services that can be utilized (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). During counselling process, the counsellor should provide the victim of rape with current data regarding the value and responsiveness of the support services. They should also help in educational process. They can, for example give seminars on the emotional trauma of rape. It is always important fo r social worker to be knowledgeable about the criminal justice system. Generalist social worker as a clinician in helping rape survivors As stated earlier, generalists social worker should have clinical competence. Rape victims or survivors normally require medical assistance. Despite the fact that there are hospitals, those working in the hospital may not have enough expertise to handle the rape victims. Many researchers have proved that healthcare providers are not trained on how to handle the case of rape victims (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). For example, instead of sympathizing and emphasizing with them, the healthcare practitioners may victimize the rape survivors. This is evidenced by the study by Collings (2009), which indicate that most of rape survivors undergo different forms of victimization in the hospitals. They also receive insensitive treatment, survivor blame and most of them are not offered adequate social services. All these can worsen their state of health. In fact it has been shown that most of them undergo what is called second rape or second sexual assault based on the nature of victimization they experience. For example, it has been shown that survivors experience with with medical and criminal justice agencies closely mimic the nature and /or dynamics of actual rape experiences and can be even more re-traumatizing. This means that generalists social worker could be the best clinician to address the medical needs of the rape survivors because generalist social worker is not only trained in clinical competence but also in how to handle the victim of rape without imposing any form of victimization or secondary rape. Generalist social work should therefore diagnose the physical injuries sustained by rape victim or survivor and administer appropriate intervention. The generalist social worker should also test whether the victim contracted the venereal and STI and administer the appropriate int ervention. Generalist social worker as a broker in helping rape victims It is indisputable that the rape victims are in need of many resources and services. However, most of them may not have information as to where to obtain such resources and services. It is therefore the role of the generalist social worker to act as a bridge and to let the rape survivors access the required services and resources. As a broker, generalists social worker should not have personal vested interests. When broking, they should be guided by a number elements. Firstly, they should recognize the victim as an individual with fear and preferences which should be solved at the end of plan or brokerage process. They should also turn the brokerage plan into reality and should take into consideration the risks and benefits of the brokerage process. Generalists’ social worker as a mediator in helping rape victims As stated earlier, rape victims undergo different forms of victimization. They also receive insensitive treatment, survivor blame and most of them are not offered adequate social services. It is also shown that survivors experience with medical and criminal justice agencies closely mimic the nature and /or dynamics of actual rape experiences and can be even more re-traumatizing (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). Because of this, most of the rape cases are underreported despite the fact that they occur in every ten minutes. The stigma and the traumatizing experiences that the rape victims go through prevent them from even seeking medical assistance. Generalists social worker is therefore expected to mediate the process and help make decisions that are meant to benefit the rape survivor. In fact in court cases, the generalist social worker should be the one representing the client. Ethical considerations It should be noted that the generalists social worker should work towards benefiting all the affected groups. He or she should promote social justice by ensuring that all members of society access the societal resources that a society offers (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). They should help the most vulnerable groups in the society. Despite the fact that they may act as brokers, they should not use this role to benefit themselves. They should expand institutional resources such as adequate education, political participation and should strive to promote fairness and respect. They should not cause further trauma to the rape victims (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). It is also important to note that most professionals may defy their professionalism and perceive the rape victim as the cause of problem and hence the professional and personal values conflict. In such case, the generalist social worker should try to maintain his or her professional values. References Ghitis, F. (2010). Pushing Back Against Rape as a Weapon of War. World Politics Review (Selective Content), 1. Collings, S. J. (2009). Where the streets have no names: factors associated with the provision of counselling and social work services for child rape survivors in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Child Adolescent Mental Health, 21(2), 139-146. Schatz, M. S., Jenkins, L. E., Sheafor, B. W. (1990). Milford Redefined: A Model of Initial and Advanced Generalist Social Work. Journal of Social Work Education, 26(3), 217-231. Council on Social Work Education. (2008). Education policy and accreditation standards. Retrieved from http://www.cswe.org/Accreditation/2008EPASDescription.aspx

The Abortion Debate :: Ethics Abortion Abortions Essays

One subject in society that is greatly debated is abortion. The debates are basically divided into 'Pro-Life' and 'Pro-Choice'. Pro-life supporters want abortion to be illegal and not performed anywhere. Pro-choice supporters want the choice to be up to the woman and no one else. There is no ethical way to decide between the two subjects and it's all based on what the person's moral values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion is the termination of an unwanted pregnancy by loss of or destruction of an egg, embryo or fetus before birth. The term of abortion is used to define the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus attains capacity for life outside the uterus. In all societies, women have for many reasons, sought to terminate pregnancies. When a woman tries to self-induce an abortion it can cause serious physical risk to a woman. Today, abortions in the early weeks of a pregnancy, by a trained practitioner and under proper conditions, can be safe medical procedure. (Americana, 1) In no society, either in the present or the past has there been a single dominant attitude toward abortions. The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed abortion as a useful means of population control. Also under Roman law, abortion primarily reflected family rule by the husband, who on the one hand could order an abortion and on the other hand could punish or divorce his wife if she ended a pregnancy without his consent. (Ameicana, 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Roman Catholic Church they consider abortion as murder only after the point at which the rational soul became instilled, usually said to be 40 days after conception. In 1930, Pope Pins XI declared even if the life of the mother is threatened by giving birth, abortion is unjustified. The only exception to the abortion prohibition that the church has considered to be morally acceptable has been the destruction of the fetus as an indirect consequence of other surgery that is deemed necessary. In the former Soviet Union abortion was legalized in 1917 after the revolution, then it was restricted in the 1930s due to population concerns, then it was legalized again in the mid 1950s. A strong and worldwide feminist movement during the 1960s heightened the pressure to legalize abortion. In the U.S. this trend culminated in a 1973 Supreme Court ruling in Roe v. Wade that made abortion legal during the early months on pregnancy. (Americana, 3)

Assess the View The Modern Family Is Child Centrded Essay

Assess the view that the modern family has become more children centred. Some sociologists argue that the modern family has become more children centred. This is mainly due to the changes in laws restricting child labour and excluding children from paid work. This is because from about the 10th to the 13th century the idea of childhood did not exist. According to Aries in the middle ages childhood as a separate age-stage was short. Children entered wider society on the same terms as adults. Even the laws we have today to protect children were not applicable, the law often made no distinction between children and adults and they faced the same punishment as adults. However Aries theory can be deemed as unreliable as he used evidence from paintings and diaries to understand childhood and family life in the past. Another reason some sociologist argue that the family has become more child centred is due to the introduction of compulsory schooling for all children in 1880. This benefited mostly the poorer children as some upper class children had already been receiving education. According to Aries some elements of the modern notion of childhood gradually began to emerge from the 13th century onwards. This is because school came to specialize in the education of children. However conflict sociologists such as Marxist argue that inequalities among children of different classes still exist even if all children go to school. The opportunities and risks they face still differ as many children remain unprotected and badly cared for. The view that the modern family has become more children centred can be explained with declining family size and lower infant mortality rates.

Placing the Blame in Macbeth Essay - 872 Words

Placing the Blame in Macbeth nbsp; The blame for the tragedy of Macbeth must be apportioned between the three witches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth himself. nbsp; The three witches play a very important role in affecting the actions of Macbeth with their ability to steer him in the direction they desire. They not only use their supernatural powers but also prey on his greed and ambition. nbsp; All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! All hail Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter! nbsp; These predictions are effective in attracting Macbeths attention because they feed off his desire for what they promise. At this point in the play he is the newly†¦show more content†¦His vivid imagination, coupled with his fear of the witches and the supernatural in general, is shown in the lines: nbsp; Macbeth I conjure you, by that which you profess (howeer you come to know it) answer me; though you untie the winds and let them fight against the churches, though the yeasty waves confound and swallow navigation up nbsp; His weakness is also shown in the way that once he starts his path he becomes consumed by the process and plunges deeper into a quagmire of murder and tyranny: nbsp; Macbeth I am in blood Stept in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go oer nbsp; Another set of beliefs held at that time was that all things were set in their correct places and this applied to people as well. The play could be hinting that Macbeth should have been able to master his own ambition and reconcile himself to his place in life. nbsp; The fact that the witches can affect Macbeth so easily shows what a weak character he has. The first predictions have such a strong influence on Macbeth that he sends his wife, Lady Macbeth, a letter asking her advice on how to respond to the witches words, showing again the weakness of his character. nbsp; The tragedy of Macbeth could simply be the tale of a hero who is destroyed by a certain weakness of character, by ambitionShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Deception In Macbeth848 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’, first performed in 1606, is a play which demonstrates the psychological and physical effects that come on those who are greedy and selfish and seek power. Macbeth, a brave Scottish general, receives a prophecy from three witches stating he is to become king. 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